St. Peter’s Basilica stands at the heart of Vatican City, just across the Tiber from central Rome. Built over the traditional burial site of the apostle Peter, it replaced a fourth-century church commissioned by Emperor Constantine. The present basilica took shape over more than a century, with contributions from Bramante, Michelangelo and other leading Renaissance architects; its great dome remains one of Rome’s defining landmarks.
The vast interior rewards a slow look. Michelangelo’s Pietà, protected behind glass in the first chapel on the right, captures Mary holding the body of Christ with remarkable tenderness. Farther along the nave, Bernini’s monumental bronze baldachin rises above the papal altar. Beneath the church, the Vatican Grottoes contain the tombs of popes and offer a quieter counterpoint to the basilica’s grandeur.
For a closer view of the dome and a panorama over St. Peter’s Square, the Vatican gardens and Rome, pay for the climb to the top. An elevator covers the first section, but roughly 320 steps remain, including narrow passages. Entry to the basilica itself is free, though security queues can be long; arrive early if possible and allow at least two hours for the church and grottoes. Shoulders and knees must be covered.