The Baptistery of St. John, or Battistero di San Giovanni, stands opposite Florence Cathedral in Piazza del Duomo. Its octagonal form and geometric facing of white and green marble make it a defining work of Florentine Romanesque architecture. Built largely between the 11th and 13th centuries, it was the baptismal church for generations of Florentines, including Dante, who called it “il mio bel San Giovanni.”
The Baptistery’s bronze doors trace a pivotal chapter in Florentine art. Andrea Pisano created the south doors in the 14th century; Lorenzo Ghiberti later made the north doors and the east doors, known as the Gates of Paradise. The panels outside are copies, while the originals are displayed in the nearby Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, where their fine relief details are easier to appreciate.
Inside, the great mosaic ceiling depicts a monumental Christ presiding over the Last Judgment, surrounded by biblical scenes against a gold ground. Look, too, for the patterned marble floor and the tomb of the antipope John XXIII by Donatello and Michelozzo. Restoration work may affect views of the mosaics, so check current conditions before visiting.
The Baptistery is about a ten-minute walk from Santa Maria Novella station. Admission is generally included in the Duomo complex passes; check the official Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore website for current tickets and opening hours, especially around religious holidays. Dress modestly, with shoulders and knees covered, and visit early or later in the day for a quieter look.